References

tbjournal

Туберкулез и социально значимые заболевания

Tuberculosis and socially significant diseases

2413-03462413-0354

ООО «Ин-Тренд

10.54921/2413-0346-2024-12-1-48-55

tbjournal-137

Research Article

ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

LITERATURE REVIEW

Латентная туберкулезная инфекция: место в спектре туберкулеза, проблемы

Latent tuberculosis infection: place in the spectrum of tuberculosis, problems

Богородская

Е. М.

Bogorodskaya

E. M.

Богородская Елена Михайловна – директор;

главный внештатный специалист фтизиатр Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы, заведующая кафедрой фтизиатрии

доктор медицинских наук, профессор

107076, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 10

Тел. +7(499) 268-00-05

BogorodskayaEM@zdrav.mos.ru

Литвинов

В. И.

Litvinov

V. I.

Литвинов Виталий Ильич – научный руководитель, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН

107076, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 10

Тел. +7(499) 268-04-15

mnpcbtlv@yandex.ru

ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, кафедра фтизиатрииРоссияThe Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of HealthRussian Federation

ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияThe Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation

2024

30032024

1214855

2024

Богородская Е.М., Литвинов В.И.

Bogorodskaya E.M., Litvinov V.I.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.tb-journal.ru/jour/article/view/137

В обзоре литературы кратко охарактеризованы основные аспекты латентной туберкулезной инфекции, место туберкулезной инфекции среди различных вариантов течения туберкулеза. Латентная туберкулезная инфекция – это одна из главных проблем фтизиатрии. Сегодня мы достигли значительных успехов в понимании сущности этого важного «компонента» туберкулеза, и, следовательно, недалеко то время, когда диагноз, прогноз течения и лечение ЛТИ станут вполне доступными в широкой практике.

The literature review briefly describes the main aspects of latent tuberculosis infection and the place of tuberculosis infection among various variants of the course of tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis infection is one of the main problems of phthisiology. Today we have made significant progress in understanding the essence of this important «component» of tuberculosis, and, therefore, the time is not far when the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of LTBI will become quite accessible in widespread practice.

латентная туберкулезная инфекция«спектр туберкулеза»регулон дормантностииммунологические пробы

latent tuberculosis infection«spectrum of tuberculosis»dormancy survival regulatorimmunologic tests

References1

Богородская Е.М., Слогоцкая Л.В., Шамуратова Л.Ф., Севостьянова Т.А. Cкрининг туберкулезной инфекции у детей и подростков на основе применения двух внутрикожных тестов: с туберкулином и аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным (ESAT-6/CFP-10) в Москве в 2021 г. // Туберкулез и болезни легких. – 2022. – Т. 100. –№ 11. – С. 29-38. https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2022-100-11-29-38

Земскова З.С., Дорожкова И.Р. Скрыто протекающая туберкулезная инфекция. –М: Медицина, 1984. – 222 с.

Каграманов А.И. Скрытая туберкулезная инфекция и ее значение в патогенезе и иммунитете: Дис. … д-ра мед. наук. – М., 1952.

Киселев В.И., Барановский П.М., Пупышев С.А. и др. Новый кожный тест для диагностики туберкулеза на основе рекомбинантного белка ESAT-CFP // Молекулярная медицина. – 2008. – № 4. – С. 4-6.

Литвинов В.И., Слогоцкая Л.В., Сельцовский П.П. и др. Новый кожный тест для диагностики туберкулезной инфекции // Рос. мед. журн. – 2009. – № 1. – С. 52–56.

Литвинов В.И. Латентная туберкулезная инфекция: свойства возбудителя; реакция макроорганизма; эпидемиология и диагностика (IGRA-тесты, ДИАСКИНТЕСТ® и другие подходы). – М.: МНПЦБТ, 2016. – 196 с.

Митинская Л.А. Туберкулинодиагностика. Руководство по внутренним болезням. – М.: Медицина, 1996. – С. 95-102.

Митинская Л.А. Туберкулез у детей. –М: ЗАО «Кудесники», 2004. – 196 с.

Скворцов Т.А., Ажикина Т.Л. Адаптивные изменения экспрессии генов Mycobacterium tuberculosis в ходе инфекционного процесса // Биоорганическая химия. – 2012. – Т. 38. – С. 391-405.

Богородская Е.М., Слогоцкая Л.В., Белиловский Е.М., Рощупкина О.М. Латентная туберкулезная инфекция в группах риска у взрослого населения города Москвы, 2012–2016 гг. // Туберкулез и социально значимые заболевания. – 2017. – №2. – C. 10-15.

Слогоцкая Л.В., Богородская Е.М., Шамуратова Л.Ф., Севостьянова Т.А. Эффективность скрининга туберкулезной инфекции у детей и подростков в г. Москве в 2019 г. на основе нового алгоритма применения внутрикожной пробы с аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным (ESAT-6/CFP-10) // Туберкулез и болезни легких. –2021. –Т. 99. – № 1. –С. 15-25. http://doi. org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-1-15-25.

Abel L., Fellay J., Haas D.W., Schurr E., Srikrishna G., Urbanowski M., Chaturvedi N., Srinivasan S., Johnson D.H., Bishai W.R. Genetics of human susceptibility to active and latent tuberculosis: present knowledge and future perspectives // Lancet Infect Dis. – 2018. – Vol. 18, № 3. – P. e64-e75. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30623-0.

Ai J.W., Ruan Q.L., Liu Q.H., Zhang W.H. Updates on the risk factors for latent tuberculosis reactivation and their managements // Emerg. Microbes Infect. – 2016. – Vol. 5, № 2. – P. e10. doi: 10.1038/emi.2016.10.

Anton C., Machado F.D., Ramirez J.M.A., Bernardi R.M., Palominos P.E., Brenol C.V., Mello F.C.Q., Silva D.R. Latent tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatic diseases // J. Bras. Pneumol. – 2019. – Vol. 45, № 2. – P. e20190023. doi: 10.1590/1806-3713/e20190023.

Baggaley R.F., Vegvari C., Dimala C.A., Lipman M., Miller R.F., Brown J., Degtyareva S., White H.A., Hollingsworth T.D., Pareek M. Health economic analyses of latent tuberculosis infection screening and preventive treatment among people living with HIV in lower tuberculosis incidence settings: a systematic review // Wellcome Open Res. – 2023. – Vol. 6. – P. 51. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16604.2.

Bergstedt W., Tingskov P.N., Thierry-Carstensen B., Hoff S.T., Aggerbeck H., Thomsen V.O., Andersen P., Andersen A.B. First-in-man open clinical trial of a combined rdESAT-6 and rCFP-10 tuberculosis specific skin test reagent // PLoS One. – 2010. – Vol. 5, № 6. – P. e11277. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011277.

Bibbins-Domingo K., Grossman D.C., Curry S.J., Bauman L., Davidson K.W., Epling J.W. Jr, García F.A., Herzstein J., Kemper A.R., Krist A.H., Kurth A.E., Landefeld C.S., Mangione C.M., Phillips W.R., Phipps M.G., Pignone M.P. Screening for latent tuberculosis infection in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement // JAMA. – 2016. – Vol. 316, № 9. – P. 962-969. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.11046.

Boom W.H., Schaible U.E., Achkar J.M. The knowns and unknowns of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection // J. Clin. Invest. – 2021. – Vol. 131, № 3. – P. e136222. doi: 10.1172/JCI136222.

Brites D., Gagneux S. Co-evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Homo sapiens // Immunol. Rev. – 2015. – Vol. 264, № 1. – P. 6-24. doi: 10.1111/imr.12264.

Brock I., Ruhwald M., Lundgren B., Westh H., Mathiesen L.R., Ravn P. Latent tuberculosis in HIV positive, diagnosed by the M. tuberculosis specific interferon-gamma test // Respir Res. – 2006. – Vol. 7, № 1. – P. 56. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-56.

Carranza C., Pedraza-Sanchez S., de Oyarzabal-Mendez E., Torres M. Diagnosis for latent tuberculosis infection: new alternatives // Front. Immunol. – 2020. – Vol. 11. – P. 2006. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02006.

Comas I., Coscolla M., Luo T., Borrell S., Holt K.E., Kato-Maeda M., Parkhill J., Malla B., Berg S., Thwaites G., Yeboah-Manu D., Bothamley G., Mei J., Wei L., Bentley S., Harris S.R., Niemann S., Diel R., Aseffa A., Gao Q., Young D., Gagneux S. Out-of-Africa migration and Neolithic coexpansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with modern humans // Nat. Genet. – 2013. – Vol. 45, № 10. – P. 1176-1182. doi: 10.1038/ng.2744.

Dale K.D., Karmakar M., Snow K.J., Menzies D., Trauer J.M., Denholm J.T. Quantifying the rates of late reactivation tuberculosis: a systematic review // Lancet Infect. Dis. – 2021. – Vol. 21, № 10. – P. e303-e317. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30728-3.

Diel R., Goletti D., Ferrara G., Bothamley G., Cirillo D., Kampmann B., Lange C., Losi M., Markova R., Migliori G.B., Nienhaus A., Ruhwald M., Wagner D., Zellweger J.P., Huitric E., Sandgren A., Manissero D. Interferon-γ release assays for the diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Eur. Respir. J. – 2011. – Vol. 37, № 1. –P. 88-99. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00115110.

Drain P.K., Bajema K.L., Dowdy D., Dheda K., Naidoo K., Schumacher S.G., Ma S., Meermeier E., Lewinsohn D.M., Sherman D.R. Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a clinical review of early stages and progression of infection // Clin. Microbiol. Rev. – 2018. – Vol. 31, № 4. – P. e00021-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00021-18.

Dutta N.K., Karakousis P.C. Latent tuberculosis infection: myths, models, and molecular mechanisms // Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. – 2014. – Vol. 78, № 3. – P. 343-371. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00010-14.

Esmail H., Barry C.E. 3rd, Young D.B. et al. The ongoing challenge of latent tuberculosis // Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. – 2014. – Vol. 369. – P. 20130437. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0437.

Esmail H., Cobelens F., Goletti D. Transcriptional biomarkers for predicting development of tuberculosis: progress and clinical considerations // Eur. Respir. J. – 2020. – Vol. 55. – P. 1901957. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01957-2019.

Getahun H., Matteelli A., Chaisson R.E., Raviglione M. Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2015. – Vol. 372, № 22. – P. 2127-2135. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1405427.

Gong W., Wu X. Differential diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis: a key to a successful tuberculosis control strategy // Front. Microbiol. – 2021. – Vol. 12. – P. 745592. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021. 745592.

Halliday A., Whitworth H., Kottoor S.H., Niazi U., Menzies S., Kunst H., Bremang S., Badhan A., Beverley P., Kon O.M., Lalvani A. Stratification of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by cellular immune profiling // J. Infect. Dis. – 2017. – Vol. 215, № 9. – P. 1480-1487. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix107.

Hamidieh F., Farnia P., Nowroozi J., Farnia P., Velayati A.A. An overview of genetic information of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Tuberc. Respir. Dis. (Seoul). – 2021. – Vol. 84, № 1. – P. 1-12. doi: 10.4046/trd.2020.0116.

Harries A.D., Kumar A.M.V., Satyanarayana S., Takarinda K.C., Timire C., Dlodlo R.A. Treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in low- and middle-income countries: progress and challenges with implementation and scale-up // Expert. Rev. Respir. Med. – 2020. – Vol. 14, № 2. – P. 195-208. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1694907.

Joshi H., Kandari D., Bhatnagar R. Insights into the molecular determinants involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence and their therapeutic implications // Virulence. – 2021. – Vol. 12, № 1. – P. 2721-2749. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1990660.

Johnson P.D., Stuart R.L., Grayson M.L., Olden D., Clancy A., Ravn P., Andersen P., Britton W.J., Rothel J.S. Tuberculin-purified protein derivative-, MPT-64-, and ESAT-6-stimulated gamma interferon responses in medical students before and after Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination and in patients with tuberculosis // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. – 1999. – Vol. 6, № 6. – P. 934-937. doi: 10.1128/CDLI.6.6.934-937.1999.

Kanabalan R.D., Lee L.J., Lee T.Y., Chong P.P., Hassan L., Ismail R., Chin V.K. Human tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: A review on genetic diversity, pathogenesis and omics approaches in host biomarkers discovery // Microbiol. Res. – 2021. – Vol. 246. – P. 126674. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126674.

Kang Y.A., Lee H.W., Yoon H.I., Cho B., Han S.K., Shim Y.S., Yim J.J. Discrepancy between the tuberculin skin test and the whole-blood interferon gamma assay for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in an intermediate tuberculosis-burden country // JAMA. – 2005. – Vol. 293, № 22. – P. 2756-2761. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.22.2756.

Kendall E.A., Shrestha S., Dowdy D.W. Reply to: subclinical tuberculosis: some flies in the ointment // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. – 2021. – Vol. 203. – P. 1328-1329. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0367LE

Khabibullina N.F., Kutuzova D.M., Burmistrova I.A., Lyadova I.V. The biological and clinical aspects of a latent tuberculosis infection // Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. – 2022. – Vol. 7, № 3. – P. 48. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7030048.

Kik S., Schumacher S., Cirillo D., Churchyard G., Boehme C., Goletti D. et al. An evaluation framework for new tests that predict progression from tuberculosis infection to clinical disease // Eur. Respir. J. – 2018. – Vol. 52, № 4. – P. 1800946. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00946-2018. PMID: 30139776.

Lewinsohn D.M., Leonard M.K., LoBue P.A., Cohn D.L., Daley C.L., Desmond E., Keane J., Lewinsohn D.A., Loeffler A.M., Mazurek G.H., O‘Brien R.J., Pai M., Richeldi L., Salfinger M., Shinnick T.M., Sterling T.R., Warshauer D.M., Woods G.L. Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults and children // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2017. – Vol. 64, № 2. – P. 111-115. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw778.

Lin P.L., Flynn J.L. Understanding latent tuberculosis: a moving target // J. Immunol. – 2010. –Vol 185, № 1. – P. 15-22. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903856.

Mack U., Migliori G.B., Sester M., Rieder H.L., Ehlers S., Goletti D., Bossink A., Magdorf K., Hölscher C., Kampmann B., Arend S.M., Detjen A., Bothamley G., Zellweger J.P., Milburn H., Diel R., Ravn P., Cobelens F., Cardona P.J., Kan B., Solovic I., Duarte R., Cirillo D.M., Lange C. TBNET. LTBI: latent tuberculosis infection or lasting immune responses to M. tuberculosis? A TBNET consensus statement // Eur. Respir. J. – 2009. – Vol. 33, № 5. – P. 956-973. doi: 10.1183/09031936. 00120908.

Mao L., Xu L., Wang X., Du J., Sun Q., Shi Z. et al. Use of DosR and Rpf antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to screen for latent and relapse tuberculosis infection in a tuberculosis endemic community of Huainan City // Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. – 2022. – Vol. 41, № 7. – P. 1039-1049. doi: 10.1007/s10096-022-04459-8.

Martinez L., Arman A., Haveman N., Lundgren A., Cabrera L., Evans C. et al. Changes in tuberculin skin test positivity over 20 years in periurban shantytowns in Lima, Peru // Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. – 2013. – Vol. 89, № 3. – P. 507-515. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0005.

Meier N., Jacobsen M., Ottenhoff T., Ritz N. A Systematic review on novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and their discriminatory potential for the diagnosis of latent and active tuberculosis // Front. Immunol. – 2018. – Vol. 9. – P. 2476. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02476.

Menardo F., Duchêne S., Brites D., Gagneux S. The molecular clock of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // PLoS Pathog. – 2019. – Vol. 15, № 9. – P. e1008067. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat. 1008067.

Mendelsohn S.C., Fiore-Gartland A., Penn-Nicholson A. et al. Validation of a host blood transcriptomic biomarker for pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with HIV: a prospective diagnostic and prognostic accuracy study // Lancet Glob. Health. – 2021. – Vol. 9. – P. e841-e853. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00045-0.

Migliori G.B., Nardell E., Yedilbayev A. et al. Reducing tuberculosis transmission: a consensus document from the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe // Eur. Respir. J. – 2019. – Vol. 53. – P. 1900391. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00391-2019.

Migliori G.B., Ong C.W.M., Petrone L., D‘Ambrosio L., Centis R., Goletti D. The definition of tuberculosis infection based on the spectrum of tuberculosis disease // Breathe (Sheff). – 2021. – Vol. 17, № 3. – P. 210079. doi: 10.1183/20734735.0079-2021.

Morrison J., Pai M., Hopewell P.C. Tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection in close contacts of people with pulmonary tuberculosis in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Lancet Infect. Dis. – 2008. – Vol. 8, № 6. – P. 359-368. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70071-9.

Nasreen S., Shokoohi M., Malvankar-Mehta M.S. Prevalence of latent tuberculosis among health care workers in high burden countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis // PLoS One. – 2016. – Vol. 11, № 10. – P. e0164034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164034.

Orgeur M., Brosch R. Evolution of virulence in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex // Curr. Opin. Microbiol. – 2018. – Vol. 41. – P. 68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.11.021.

Pai M., Gokhale K., Joshi R., Dogra S., Kalantri S., Mendiratta D.K., Narang P., Daley C.L., Granich R.M., Mazurek G.H., Reingold A.L., Riley L.W., Colford J.M. Jr. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers in rural India: comparison of a whole-blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing // JAMA. – 2005. – Vol. 293, № 22. – P. 2746-2755. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.22.2746.

Park H.D., Guinn K.M., Harrell M.I., Liao R., Voskuil M.I., Tompa M., Schoolnik G.K., Sherman D.R. Rv3133c/dosR is a transcription factor that mediates the hypoxic response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Mol. Microbiol. – 2003. – Vol. 48, № 3. – P. 833-843. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03474.x.

Peters C., Kozak A., Nienhaus A., Schablon A. Risk of occupational latent tuberculosis infection among health personnel measured by interferon-gamma release assays in low incidence countries –a systematic review and meta-analysis // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2020. – Vol. 17, № 2. – P. 581. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020581.

Reves R., Daley C.L. Screening for latent tuberculosis infection: a key step toward achieving tuberculosis elimination in the United States // JAMA Intern. Med. – 2016. – Vol. 176, № 10. – P. 1439-1440. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed. 2016.5464.

Rosales-Klintz S, Bruchfeld J, Haas W, Heldal E, Houben RMGJ, van Kessel F. et al. Guidance for programmatic management of latent tuberculosis infection in the European Union/European Economic Area // Eur. Respir. J. – 2019. – Vol. 53, № 1. – P. 1802077. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02077-2018.

Rustad T.R., Harrell M.I., Liao R., Sherman D.R. The enduring hypoxic response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis // PLoS One. – 2008. – Vol. 3, № 1. – P. e1502. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001502.

Saelens J.W., Viswanathan G., Tobin D.M. Mycobacterial evolution intersects with host tolerance // Front. Immunol. – 2019. – Vol. 10. – P. 528. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00528.

Salina E.G., Makarov V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy: how to fight a hidden danger // Microorganisms. –2022. – Vol. 10, № 12. – P. 2334. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms 10122334.

Scriba T.J., Fiore-Gartland A., Penn-Nicholson A. et al. Biomarker-guided tuberculosis preventive therapy (CORTIS): a randomised controlled trial // Lancet Infect. Dis. – 2021. – Vol. 21. – P. 354-365. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30914-2.

Seedat F., Hargreaves S., Nellums L.B., Ouyang J., Brown M., Friedland J.S. How effective are approaches to migrant screening for infectious diseases in Europe? A systematic review // Lancet Infect. Dis. – 2018. – Vol. 18, № 9. – P. e259-e271. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30117-8.

Vekemans J., Lienhardt C., Sillah J.S., Wheeler J.G., Lahai G.P., Doherty M.T., Corrah T., Andersen P., McAdam K.P., Marchant A. Tuberculosis contacts but not patients have higher gamma interferon responses to ESAT-6 than do community controls in The Gambia // Infect. Immun. – 2001. – Vol. 69, № 10. – P. 6554-6557. doi: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6554-6557.2001.

WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2015. – Geneva, 2015. http://www.who.int/tb/ publications/global_report/en/ (Accessed 23 September 2016).

WHO. Latent TB infection: updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management. –Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018.

WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2018b. www.who.int/tb/publications/global _report/ en/Date last accessed: February 28, 2019. Date last updated: February 28, 2019.

Xu M., Lu W., Li T., Li J., Du W., Wu Q., Liu Q., Yuan B., Lu J., Ding X. et al. Sensitivity, specificity, and safety of a novel ESAT6-CFP10 skin test for tuberculosis infection in China: 2 randomized, self-controlled, parallel-group phase 2b trials // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2022. – Vol. 74, № 4. – P. 668-677. doi: 10.1093/ cid/ciab472.

Zellweger J.P., Sotgiu G., Corradi M., Durando P. The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI): currently available tests, future developments, and perspectives to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) // Med. Lav. – 2020. – Vol. 111, № 3. – P. 170-183. doi: 10.23749/mdl.v111i3.9983.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.