Based on personal register of the new TB cases, a social, demographic and clinical analysis of the new TB-patients of nonresidents was performed. On the contrary of the other subjects of Russian Federation, in Moscow non-residents significantly affect the TB-epidemiology and consist in 2013 39,7% of the new TB-cases and 46% of TB-related death. The 1531 new TB cases of non-residents (2013) consist of citizens of the former USSR countries (29,9%), citizens of the other countries (5,5%), residents of other Russian Federation regions (44,1%) and homeless (20,5%). Identified the features (gender, age-related, social), which complicate the new case detection and registration, contacts tracing and infection control. Priorities of the TB-control activities in Moscow non-resident population are definite.

The anti-tuberculosis activity of Hiksozid versus Isoniazid was studied in vivo and their effect on the on the generation of antituberculosis and anti-drug antibodies in inoculated animals. M. tuberculosis H37Rv-infected mice given inhaled Hiksozid 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of therapy, as compared to the control ones, showed was a significant drop in MBT CFU in the lung. At 56 day of the study, there was a significant rise in anti-tuberculosis IgG2a antibody titers in the Hiksozid group as compared to the inoculated control group whereas the titers and levels of IgG2a antibodies increased during Isoniazid therapy. Hiksozid therapy leads to an increase in the titer of anti-tuberculosis antibodies, but not in their levels, as observed during Isoniazid therapy. Investigation of an anti-drug response to the conjugates of Isoniazid demonstrated the presence of IgG antibodies that increased during therapy with Hiksozid and isoniazid (at day 56), their affinity and avidity rose particularly during Hiksozid therapy. At the same time, there were rises in the titers and levels of anti-isoniazid IgG1 and the levels of anti-isoniazid IgG2b antibodies whereas a response to dioxidin was observed due to the increased titers and level of IgG2b. In the groups of inoculated animals treated with isoniazid and Hiksozid, the higher titers and level of IgG2b against dioxidin are indicative of a cross and nonspecific response to this drug, which occurs after inoculation. According to histological and biochemical studies, inhalational administration Hiksozid intact mice has no adverse effects on the structure of the lung parenchyma, and the infected animals shows a marked positive effect on the dynamics of the processes of healing foci of inflammation in the lungs and restore the structural and functional characteristics.

Sparflo® – comparably new antimycobacterial agent of fluoroquinolone group produced by «Dr Reddy´s Laboratory´s Ltd» (India). Sparflo® may be applied in perspective for treatment of multiand extended drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR and XDR TB). But it´s necessary to know the main farmacologic data of morbidity agent and first of all, its drug sensitivity to Sparflo®.
Article is devoted to the in vitro study of minimal inhibitory concentrations (mcg/ml) and the levels of bacteriostatic activity of Sparflo® in 200 strains of mycobacteria tuberculosis picked out from new detected tuberculosis patients and patients under suspicion on relapse who have various spectrum of drug resistance. These data may help to select strains with the most proper levels of drug resistance.

In an open-label, prospective, comparative study involving 113 patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (57 patients in the study group and 56 in the control group, including patients with multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 27 and 26 patients, respectively), the high efficacy of Glutoxim® as an antibiotic adjuvant was shown. In patients treated with Glutoxim®, the bacterial excretion was stopped in 90% of cases of tuberculosis without multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 77.8% of cases of multi-drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the end of the second month (in the control group − 73.3% and 34.6 %, respectively), the closure of cavities in the lungs was achieved in 83% of patients (74% in the control group), and the relief of intoxication symptoms occurred significantly faster in 92.9% of patients by the end of the second month (in the control group – only in 41.1% for the same period). In patients treated with Glutoxim®, toxic reactions to chemotherapy were observed in 5.3% (in the control group – in 10.7%, p = 0.28), but they were stopped faster (on average by the 40th and 80th day of observation, respectively, p = 0.002). In the case of addition of Glutoxim® to treatment regimens, the average duration of hospitalization in pulmonary tuberculosis without multidrugresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tuberculosis caused by multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was shortened by 45 days and 32 days, respectively.

Influenza holds a specific place among other human infectious diseases due to its spread across the world, high incidence rate in population, annual outbreaks, epidemics, negative socio-economic effects, adverse impact on man and society taken as a whole, and ability to spread pandemically.
One of the essential features of the pandemic influenza A /H1N1/ virus pdm09 is its replication capacity not only in epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract, but also in bronchiolar and alveolar cells, what explains the possibility of progression of bronchiolitis, alveolitis, severe primary viral pneumonia, what results in respiratory failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome and eventual death. The most frequent complication which determines disease severity is pneumonia. Having developed in the early stages of influenza infection, pneumonia is characterized by severe course, cardiovascular insufficiency and respiratory failure. In such a case, affection of respiratory system occurs due to viral damage of lung tissue without participation of bacterial flora. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis develops, while injury passes into advanced stage.
Taking into account fundamental mistakes in the process of delivering medical treatment to patients with influenza A/H1N1/ pdm09, necessary recommendations have been elaborated. Medical treatment of patients with influenza should be etiotropic and pathogenetically relevant. Anti-viral medications should be administrated as early as possible since the occurrence of clinical features of the disease, preferably within 48 hours. As human respiratory tract is the primary target for influenza virus, treatment with inhalable antibiotics is the most reasonable.
The most efficient method of prevention of seasonal as well as pandemic influenza and its drastic consequences is vaccination, which in most cases precludes influenza morbidity and decreases a number of severe complications, and as a result, fatal cases.

In 236 patients (164 – drug abusers and 72 – without history of drug addiction) the different social, demographical and clinical characteristics were studied. The features of HIV/TB of people who use drugs: previously incarceration 2.5 times more likely, 79.8% were not working, 20% were homeless. Tuberculosis often flown with a pronounced clinical picture, disseminated tuberculosis and multiple organ failure and systems were dominating. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was 17%, 3 times more likely to discontinue, AIDS were three times more likely. During the observation period in the group HIV/TB, drug users, 78% died, which is 3 times more than in the TB / HIV, who were not taking drugs.
Tuberculosis among HIV-infected people who use drugs is a problem of not phthisiology more likely but society as a whole.

Haematological abnormalities are rare, but potentially fatal complications of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Cytopenias are considered the most clinically significant type of adverse haematotoxic reactions. Anti-tuberculosis drugs may reduce a pool of any blood cells by either myelosuppression (inhibition of it’s generation in the bone marrow) or it’s accelerated destruction in the bloodstream. The review contains data about main pathways and clinical features of anemia, isolated leucopenia, trombocytopenia and pancytopenia; anti-tuberculosis drugs responded to different types of these disorders are listed. The modern experience for diagnostics and correction of haematotoxic reactions is summarized taking into account the realities of phthisiatrician practice.