TUBERCULOSIS IN YOUNG CHILDREN IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in children under three years of age can progress rapidly; there is a high probability of generalization of the process, development of miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningoencephalitis. Vaccination against tuberculosis is one of the main methods of prevention.
The disease course in vaccinated children has proved to be milder, benign, without complications. Current specifics of tuberculosis process in young children evaluated depending on the previous anti-tuberculosis vaccination. It was established that in children of the younger age group the mean age of those with tuberculosis was 1.56 ± 0.58 years. Every fourth child was previously followed-up for contacts with TB patients, however, collection of a medical history revealed the fact of contact in 76.7% of cases.
Patients in 57.9% of cases were not vaccinated against tuberculosis. The main reason for the absence of immunization is perinatal contact with a HIV-infected mother. Complicated forms of mediastinal lymph node TB (61.7%), generalized tuberculosis (6.5%), bacterial shedding (11.7%), including massive (3.9%) and fatal (9.1%) cases, and are most often detected in children not vaccinated against tuberculosis.
Vaccinated patients have a higher incidence of hyperergic responses to the Mantoux test with 2 TU compared to a sample with allergen tubercular recombinant (ATR) test. In the absence of BCG vaccination, hyperergic responses to the ATR predominate. Previous BCG vaccination makes it difficult to use the Mantoux test to detect and diagnose tuberculosis in young children. At the same time, the intensity of responses to the ATR test is an indirect sign of tuberculosis severity in young children, since complicated and generalized forms of the disease are often accompanied by hyperergic responses.
About the Authors
N. A. BarminaRussian Federation
L. A. Baryshnikova
Russian Federation
V. A. Aksenova
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Barmina N.A., Baryshnikova L.A., Aksenova V.A. TUBERCULOSIS IN YOUNG CHILDREN IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT. Tuberculosis and socially significant diseases. 2020;(2):4-8. (In Russ.)