Analysis of socio-demographic and clinical structure of patient dead from TB was conducted based on data of 1156 TB deaths that occurred in Moscow in 2012–2014 and were registered by TB monitoring system in the «Moscow Scientific and Clinical Center of TB Control». The study was based also on the data about the status of patients’ inhabitance in the city until the death and information about time between the date of their registration as a TB patient and death.
It has been shown that the presence of 42.9% of deaths from tuberculosis among non-permanent residents of the city has a significant impact on the size and structure of the TB mortality rate.
The article also deals with the problem of the formation of significant and reliable indicator of TB mortality in a metropolis. It was stressed that in the conditions of small values of TB mortality in Moscow, a reliable analysis of the TB mortality rate is only possible on the basis of aggregate data derived from the observing period of not less than 1–2 years.
Analyses of individual components of TB mortality was provided in terms of components’ contribution to the overall value of the indicator and the availability of targeted interventions to reduce it. Special measures have been considered, which can reduce the most controlled part of the index, which is determined by those who have died later 1 month after the registration (55.8% of the TB deaths in Moscow).

To optimize the selection of children in the high risk group by tuberculosis studied the results of immunological tests in 500 children from different epidemiological conditions with different manifestation of tuberculous infection. Selected main groups children with latent tuberculosis infection: contacts with smear or culture positive pulmonary TB patients – I (n = 207), contacts with smear and culture negative patients – II (n = 62), from healthy environment – III (n = 231), and as control – IV (n = 56) children with clinical manifestations of local tuberculosis. Found that in high risk of the disease are children with positive test with allergen tuberculosis recombinant (ATR), regardless of the epidemiological factors and results of the Mantoux test. Hyperergic reaction on ATR should be considered a diagnostic criterion of tuberculosis, because with high probability it shows the specific active process.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the changes in quantity and structure of groups at high risk of tuberculosis, depend on the replacement of the traditional way of diagnostic (by allergen tuberculosis purified liquid in the standard dilution for intradermal use – PPD-L) by the new tuberculosis infection screening technology in children older than 8 years, examined by intradermal test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen Diaskintest (CFP10-ESAT6). The official annual reports on tuberculosis in one of phthisiatrician districts in city of Stavropol were analyzed. The new screening technology for tuberculosis infection in children older than 8 years will be able to decline the number of people who are in groups of high risk for tuberculosis. The change of criteria for a selection in high risk groups led to increase amount of the adolescents who are examined by phthisiatrician. The proportion of adolescents in a population became the same as the proportion in the high risk groups of phthisiatrician.

Results of application of the intradermal skin test with Diaskintest® in 690 differential diagnosis patients have been presented in the article. It has been shown, that test is effective for the patients with tuberculosis selection from total number of patients, and the most
informative for differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. Moreover, in case of cancer alertness a hyperergic reaction to the drug not exclude lung cancer and requires further examination of these patients.

Pediatric population of the Tulagino-Kildyamsky rural settlement under jurisdiction of the Yakutsk city (802 children and adolescents) was screened for tuberculosis (TB), using Mantoux skin test with 2 TU PPD-L and skin test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen (Diaskintest®). Simultaneous administration of Diaskintest® with Mantoux skin test allowed accurate selection of children and adolescents at high risk for TB. Comparative analysis of the test results showed that use of Diaskintest® substantially reduced the number of
children and adolescents with positive responses eligible for further examination by a TB doctor and for preventive therapy.

Combination of TB and HIV-infection is still the most nowadays important problem, and it connects not only with steady growth of HIV-infection, but also with difficulties in TB diagnosis. At the same time in global practice IGRA-tests applying, to which they belong to T-SPOT®.TB test and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold test, they pay great attention to it, particularly among patients with HIV-infection. In Russia, skin tests are commonly used (Mantoux test with 2 ТU and test with Diaskintest®). In the present study, 56 smear positive HIV/TB patients and 41 patients living with HIV tested with all for immunological tests. In active TB cases, IGRA-test and test with Diaskinest® show comparable the same results. Against the backdrop of HIV skin tests (Mantoux test with 2 TE and tests with Diaskintest®) it was demonstrated direct dependence of level immunosuppression in contrast to IGRA-tests, that allows to carry out these researches in conditions when standard skin tests do not work.

Are presented the results of intravesical botulinum toxin-A injections (Neuronox®) in 16 patients with tuberculosis of the urinary tract with lower urinary tract symptoms, which despite taking four anti-TB drugs for 3–4 months, and trospium chloride antiholinolitiс therapy during one month, there was no increase in the bladder capacity. The patients daily frequency of urination amounted to 32,8 ± 2,7 times. Functional bladder capacity was 56,0 ± 9,3 ml. QоL index was 5,40 ± 0,13. I-PSS score was 30 ± 1,6. Evaluating the effectiveness of treatment after 4 weeks showed that the frequency of urination decreased to 10,0 ± 0,3 times a day, functional bladder capacity increased to 196,0 ± 28,8 ml. Positive dynamics is reflected in the results of tests assessing urinary tract symptoms and quality of life. Index I-PSS was 10,6 ± 0,9 and QоL – 2,20 ± 0,11. Residual urine in any case was not observed. 12 patients surveyed in a year exceed the bladder capacity of 200 ml, and the frequency of urination at night did not exceed 8–10.
Obtained preliminary data showed a pronounced clinical effect of intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A (Neuronox®) and improving the quality of life of patients with tuberculosis of the urinary tract after failure of previously conducted antiholinolitiс therapy in patients receiving anti-TB drugs. During intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A pronounced complications and adverse reactions not observed.