The article presents the results of a pilot drug resistance study among the residents of Moscow for first and second line anti-TB drugs. The research was conducted on the basis of a study of strains isolated from all 189 new TB cases registered in 2017 in five districts of the city using phenotypic and molecular genetic methods.
The largest share of resistant strains was recorded for isoniazid (42.3%) and streptomycin (47.1%). The share of TB patients with MDR TB was 28.6%. 14.8% of MDR TB patients had XDR TB. A significant relationship between the phenotypic and genotypic resistance to a number of anti-TB drugs and belonging to certain age groups, the fact of permanent residence in the city, the fact of unemployment and the presence of HIV infection was noted.
The proportion of patients with mutations in the katG gene was significantly lower among patients from other.

The article presents the features of diagnosis and confirmation of diagnosis of tuberculosis in a multi-disciplinary hospitals on the example of KGBUZ «City hospital № 5, Barnaul». The following tasks are considered: determining the indications and timing for consulting the doctor-phthisiatrician in a multi-disciplinary hospital; determining the frequency of use of research methods that verify tuberculosis. It was established during the work that tuberculosis was verified in 49 (80.3%) patients from 61 patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis by a phthisiologist.
A large part of the diagnosis was verified by PCR - DNA of MBT was detected in 25 (40,3%) patients. Worth noting, is the fact that PCR was rare used for confirmation of tuberculosis. Phthisiologist advised 75 patients during the first weeks and 95 patients in the second and more weeks with suspected of tuberculosis

The article describes the experience of use and diagnostic value of T-SPOT®.TB test system in the study of peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with suspected tuberculous pleurisy in the presence of effusion in the pleural cavity. It was shown that the analysis of pleural fluid can increase the clinical sensitivity of the test system to 91.3% (95% CI 83.8-95.5%) compared with the analysis of peripheral blood (83.7%, 95% CI 74.8- 89.75; p = 0.04). The prognostic value of a negative test result is 1.3 times higher when using pleural fluid compared with a study of peripheral blood. At the same time, good consistency of laboratory test results in the study of peripheral blood and pleural fluid (κ = 0.6; p = 0.005) and equivalent diagnostic efficacy and specificity of the test, as well as the prognostic value of a positive result, were demonstrated. It was found that the frequency of positive test results among patients with pleural effusion of tuberculous etiology does not depend on the HIV status of the patient.

An analysis of the incidence of tuberculosis, HIV infection and co-infection in the Primorsky Territory for 10 years showed that the absence of a tendency to a decrease in the incidence of co-infection is due to an increase in the incidence of HIV infection. This conclusion was confirmed by a decrease of almost 2 times the incidence of tuberculosis, while the incidence of HIV infection, on the contrary, increased almost 2 times. In 2008–2017. the incidence of co-infection, as well as the incidence of tuberculosis in the region, exceeds the data for the country as a whole. Prognostically unfavorable can be called an increase in the prevalence of co-infection. It should be noted that it is necessary to understand the coding of the causes of death during co-infection. The findings require an increase in the level of joint work of TB doctors and infectious disease specialists in organizing antituberculosis activities among HIV-infected people.

The aim of the study was to improve the surgical treatment of extensive strictures and obliterations of the upper third of the ureter in patients with urinary tuberculosis, post-tuberculosis of the upper urinary tract, recurrent strictures (obliterations) after a previously unsuccessful reconstruction of the ureter. Seven patients with this disease underwent a reconstruction of the upper third of the ureter and ureteropelvic segment with the removal of the affected part and replacement with a tubular buccal labial flap with fixation to the lumbar muscle. Severe complications of grade 3–4 according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, as well as fatal outcomes were absent. With follow-up periods of up to 32 months, no recurrence of the disease was detected.

In this article the basic goals of the continuing professional education (CPE) for TB-physicians, various kinds of training and educational courses in high medical school are presented. The experience of the system and model of CPE in Moscow for TB-physicians is revealed and analyzed. The practice and results of collaboration between the TB chair of Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Russian Ministry of Health and Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control of the Moscow Government Health Department are described.

Review include the current data on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTMB) drug resistance mechanisms, on the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis in world countries and Russian regions (include Moscow), in different age
and social groups, in new and in retreatment cases. Described the drug-resistance spectrum of MBT in world countries and in various spoligotypes, as well as data on drug resistance of fast and slowly growing NTMB, isolated in Moscow.