Symptoms of COVID-19 in patients with various manifestations of tuberculosis infection do not differ from those of acute respiratory viral infection. The disease proceeds without complications, does not aggravate the course of tuberculosis infection, after three weeks the production of class G immunoglobulins to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is noted.

   Rationale. The fact of colonization of the respiratory tract by nonspecific microbial flora in pulmonary tuberculosis is known, but there is no data on the features of infection of the respiratory tract with nonspecific microbial and fungal flora in tuberculous exudative pleurisy (TEP).

   Purpose. To study the spectrum and antibiotic resistance of nonspecific microflora of the respiratory tract in patients with TEP.

   Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of microbiological studies of sputum and bronchial washings of 238 patients with TEP, including 162 men and 76 women aged 18 to 88 years, was carried out.

   Results. Various types of nonspecific microflora in the sputum of patients were detected by culture on nutrient media in 176 (73.95 %) of 238 patients with TEP. Only microbial flora was isolated in 54 (30.68 %), only fungal - in 59 (33.52 %) and association of microbial and fungal flora – in 63 (35.80 %) of 176 patients. The analysis showed the predominance of Streptococcus pyogenes (32.11%), Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia (11.68 % each). The microbial flora in 29.9 % of cases had DRs to broad-spectrum antibiotics, in 11.7 % to drugs with antituberculosis activity.

   The problem of preventing HIV infection and tuberculosis in children from contact with parents suffering from these diseases is relevant because annually more than 90% of HIV-infected children become infected in utero, and in every fifth focus of tuberculosis infection in one of the parents, coinfection is detected (HIV infection and tuberculosis). The review analyzes randomized multicenter trials from 2013 to 2021 from databases of the National Library of Medicine PubMed and Elibrary. The article provides information on the effectiveness of various methods of prevention of HIV infection and tuberculosis and their combination in the antenatal and postnatal periods.