Aim: to estimate the share of tuberculosis with extensively drug resistance in TB patients with a different history of treatment in Russian Federation.
Materials. Тhe results of the survey of patients with multidrugresistant tuberculosis in public (24,464) and penitentiary (1,780) health care were studied.
Results. The share of cases of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 13.6% in public and 11.0% in the penitentiary sector, which is higher than the global rates. In homogeneous registration groups in the civil and penitentiary sector, it is comparable, and for new cases it is 8.0% (95% CI 7.4–8.5%), for cases of relapse - 13.5% (95% CI 12.3–14.7%), in other retreatment cases – 17.4% (95% CI 15.7–19.1%). The risk of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cases of re-treatment of 1.7 (in the cases of tuberculosis relapse) – 2.2 (in the other retreatment cases) times higher than that of new TB cases.
Conclusion. The obtained results substantiate the expediency of separation of the flows of newly diagnosed TB patients and retreatment TB cases, incl. multidrug-resistant TB.

Lack of the data on M. tuberculosis (MBT) drug susceptibility delays prescription of the adequate chemotherapy, among others – in postoperative course. The complex of surgical samples testing based on molecular-genetic and microbiological methods provide more comprehensive information о свойствах возбудителя. The rate of MBT DNA detection in surgical samples from 123 pulmonary tuberculosis patients 8.5 times exceed the positive culture rate. Retrospective comparison of MBT and drug resistance detection in respiratory samples in preoperative period demonstrate, that by molecular-genetic tests in surgical samples the tuberculosis etiology was primary confirmed in 42.3% patients, among them in 92.3% the drug resistance profile was defined by «TB-TEST». In addition, due to the complicated MBT cultivating from surgical samples, moleculargenetic methods, applicable to that kind of material, can be used in epidemiological studies.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) induced by anti-tuberculosis drug often leads to prolonged discontinuations of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) and worsens prognosis. New methods are needed to accelerate liver recovery process and to reduce an interruption period in DILI cases. The role of Ademetionine in DILI treatment among new tuberculosis patients was assessed in retrospective study of two groups: 40 pts with DILI received IV Ademetionine 800 mg per day during 10—14 days, after anti-tuberculosis drugs withdrawal; 30 pts
were controls. Patients received Ademetionine had increased chances of liver tests recovery (lowering of alanine aminotransferase to 2N) and ATT re-starting to 14th day of treatment comparatively to control group (OR 2.25, 95%CI 1.18-4.29). Ademetionine seems to be effective in the treatment of ATT-induced DILI after anti-tuberculosis drugs withdrawal.

The brief analytical review presents the antiretroviral therapy data among HIV-positive population in the North-West Region of Russia from 2007–2016 in comparison with data of other Federal Regions, of whole Russia and between North-West Region territories. The role of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy as one of the key measures for preventing tuberculosis among people living with HIV has been identified.

The aim of the study – to evaluate the contribution of each test from the complex of the rapid laboratory tools for diagnostics of tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacterium, and for detection of drug susceptibility, routinely performed in Moscow Research and
Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Health Department in co-infected HIV/TB patients.
In 2014–2016 837 diagnostic samples, obtained from 539 HIVinfected TB patients, were tested. All the patients were divided into two groups: new patients (I group) and relapses or chronic cases (II group).
Results of the M. tuberculosis (MBT) detection by various methods (luminescent microscopy, cultural growth, molecular tests for DNA) showed, that the cultural growth or DNA of MBT were detected significantly more often in samples obtained from the new patients
(20.8% and 24.3%, respectively, without differences between these two methods p > 0.05). On the contrary, in the samples obtained from patients of II group, DNA of MBT were detected significantly more often (26.4%) but the difference between the results of luminescent microscopy (12.1%) and cultural growth (14.3%) was not revealed. We obtained a good agreement of results (about 90%) using both XpertMTB/Rif molecular test and the cultural growth in BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960 for samples obtained from patients of the both groups (κI = 0.684, κII = 0.604; р < 0.05).

The emergence of TB among the contingent of children with HIV or at high risk of HIV infection in the perinatal period requires the improvement of TB care to this group of children. The peculiarities of detection of tuberculosis in 110 children 0–6 years old, patients with HIV infection or had contact perinatal HIV infection in history, and seek help in TB GBUZ «MNPTS combat tuberculosis DMD». Lack of efficiency of regulated activities on the detection and prevention of TB among this cohort of children.
In order to improve detection and prevention of tuberculosis in children born to women with HIV and children with HIV infection, suggested specific actions.

The treatment results in tuberculosis (TB) depend on the prompt diagnosis.
Materials and methods. The potential of the actual prostate ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of prostate TB studied in 147 patients. In all patients, evaluation of prostate hemodynamics and vascularization performed by color duplex scanning. The information
value of the prostate biopsy in TB diagnosis assessed in 26 patients.
Results. In case of TB we obtained the sharper increasing of the peak, diastolic and the mean linear speed of the volume blood flow, increasing of the vascular plexus density, both in the central and in the peripheral areas. In 12 patients with confirmed prostate TB, the symptoms of specific inflammation obtained in one case, in which biopsy performed during the first month of treatment. In 14 patients on diagnosis prostate TB detected in one case too.
Conclusion. The early diagnosis of prostate TB is complicated due to the absence of pathognomonic symptoms and low rate of mycobacteria excretion. It may be improved by prostate ultrasound examination and biopsy.

Objective. The prevalence of cataract in patients with active tuberculosis of various locations in Moscow is 11,7%. The effectiveness of ophthalmic surgery in this category of patients has not been studied. Goal. To analyze the results of surgical treatment of cataract in patients with tuberculosis.
Material and methods. 129 patients with cataracts underwent surgical treatment in 2009–2013: 43 with cured tuberculosis, 28 with eye tuberculosis, 58 with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Extracapsular extraction of cataracts was performed on 87 eyes (67.4%); phacoemulsification of cataracts - on 42 (32.6%).
Results. Surgical treatment of cataracts led to a significant increase in visus in all patients: by 0.24 ± 0.16 units in group I, by 0.18 ± 0.17 in the II and by 0.34 ± 0.20 in the group III (p < 0.001). The variance analysis reveals that the improvement of visus after surgical intervention was determined by the following factors: the magnitude of the critical frequency of flicker fusion (p < 0.001), the type of surgery (p < 0.001), the sex of patients (p = 0.002), as well as the interaction of the factors «sex» and «type of operation» (p = 0.004), but not the clinical group (p = 0.066), age (p = 0.211) or baseline intraocular pressure (p = 0.730).
Conclusion. Thus, surgical treatment of cataracts in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis leads to a significant increase in visus comparable to that of cataracts against the background of eye tuberculosis or cured tuberculosis.